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Ecorse

2005-03-18T01:43:00.000-08:00

City, Wayne county, Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Detroit River and is one of several contiguous southwest suburbs of Detroit known as downriver communities. Settled about 1815 on the site of an Indian camp and burial ground, it was called Grandport and developed in the early 20th century with the growth of the Ford Motor Company in nearby Dearborn. Its name was derived from

Aversion Therapy

2005-03-17T20:43:00.000-08:00

Psychotherapy designed to cause a patient to reduce or avoid an undesirable behaviour pattern by conditioning him to associate the behaviour with an undesirable stimulus. The chief stimuli used in the therapy are electrical and chemical. In the electrical therapy, the patient is given a lightly painful shock whenever the undesirable behaviour is aroused; this

Jewel Cave National Monument

2005-03-15T18:59:00.000-08:00

The caverns consist of a series of chambers joined by narrow passages. They are noted for their jewel-like calcite crystals, including nailhead and dogtooth spar, which are found throughout the

Cineas

2005-03-12T10:13:00.000-08:00

Thessalian who served as chief adviser to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus in Greece. In 281 Cineas attempted, without success, to dissuade Pyrrhus from invading Italy. After Pyrrhus defeated the Romans at Heraclea in Lucania (280), Cineas was sent to Rome to negotiate a peace. According to the 2nd-century-AD Greek historian Appian, he demanded that the Romans halt their aggression

Alabama Claims

2005-03-11T21:40:00.000-08:00

Maritime grievances of the United States against Great Britain, accumulated during and after the American Civil War (1861–65). The claims are significant in international law for furthering the use of arbitration to settle disputes peacefully and for delineating certain responsibilities of neutrals toward belligerents. The dispute centred on

Dispensation

2005-03-08T18:02:00.000-08:00

Economy is the term that is normally employed in the Eastern Orthodox churches for this type of action. The church strives for the salvation of souls, and, when this is more likely to be achieved by a relaxation

Biblical Literature, Allegorical interpretation

2005-03-07T04:32:00.000-08:00

Allegorical interpretation places on biblical literature a meaning that, with rare exceptions, it was never intended to convey. Yet at times this interpretation seemed imperative. If the literal sense, on which heretics, such as the 2nd-century biblical critic Marcion, and anti-Christian polemicists, such as the 2nd-century philosopher Celsus, insisted, was unacceptable,

Orléans, Ferdinand-louis-philippe-charles-henri, Duc D' (duke Of)

2005-03-04T15:54:00.000-08:00

He was a noted soldier and served in Algeria from 1834 to 1836. In 1837 he married Princess Helena of Mecklenburg. In 1839 he again went to Algeria, but the fatigues of the campaign were too much for him. He died at Neuilly at the age of 31. His sons refused

Kadamba Family

2005-03-02T08:20:00.000-08:00

Their chroniclers claim that the family migrated from northern India, but other records suggest that they were indigenous to Kuntala (Northern Kanara). An early inscription, the accuracy of which is unknown, describes the dynastic

Bahadur Shah I

2005-02-28T19:34:00.000-08:00

As Prince Mu'azzam, the second son of the emperor Aurangzeb, he was prospective heir apparent after his elder brother defected to join their father's brother and rival, Shah Shuja'. Prince Mu'azzam was sent to represent his father in the Deccan Plateau region of south and central India in 1663. He led an army in 1683–84 against the

Calarasi

2005-02-27T03:49:00.000-08:00

Judet (county), southwestern Romania, occupying an area of 1,835 sq mi (4,754 sq km). The county, consisting mostly of lowlands, was formed in 1981 from portions of Ialomita and Ilfov districts. The Danube River, flowing northeastward, marks the county's eastern border; and the Borcea, Barza, and Dâmbovita rivers, tributaries of the Danube, drain southward. The Mostistea and Galatui lakes lie in the

Andrada E Silva, José Bonifácio De

2005-02-24T23:48:00.000-08:00

Andrada went to Portugal as a student and became a distinguished scholar there, earning an international reputation as a naturalist and geologist. He remained in Portugal until

Austin, Mary

2005-02-23T08:44:00.000-08:00

Mary Hunter graduated from Blackburn College in 1888 and soon afterward moved with her family to Bakersfield, California. She married Stafford W. Austin in 1891, and for several years they lived in various towns in California's Owens Valley. Mary Austin

U2

2005-02-21T22:20:00.000-08:00

Irish postpunk band that by the end of the 1980s had established itself not only as one of the world's most popular bands but also as one of the most innovative. The members are Bono (byname of Paul Hewson; b. May 10, 1960, Dublin, Ireland), the Edge (byname of David Evans; b. August 8, 1961, Barking, Essex [now in Greater London], England), Adam Clayton (b. March 13, 1960, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England), and Larry Mullen,

Akershus

2005-02-19T17:49:00.000-08:00

Fylke (county), southeastern Norway. Covering 1,898 square miles (4,917 square km), it extends north from Oslo Fjord to the southern end of Lake Mjøsa and east to the Swedish frontier. The Vorma River flows through Akershus from Mjøsa into the Glomma (Glåma) River and on to Lake Øyeren. The national capital, Oslo, is the county seat, though it is a separate fylke and bykommune (urban commune)

Oglethorpe, James Edward

2005-02-16T09:55:00.000-08:00

Educated at the University of Oxford, he entered the army in 1712 and joined the Austrian army fighting the Turks in 1717. On his return to England in 1722, he entered Parliament. In 1729 he presided over a committee that brought about prison reforms.

Lag Ba-'omer

2005-02-14T23:50:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Lag B'omer, or Lag Be-omer, a minor Jewish observance falling on the 33rd day in the period of the counting of the 'omer (“barley sheaves”); on this day semimourning ceases and weddings are allowed. The origin of the festival is obscure. Among many traditions, one has it that manna first fell from heaven on this day; another tradition claims that a plague that raged among the followers of Rabbi Akiba ben

Alcalá De Henares

2005-02-13T03:18:00.000-08:00

City, Madrid provincia and comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), central Spain. Known under the Romans as Complutum, the city was destroyed in 1000 and rebuilt in 1038 by the Moors, who called it Al-Qal'ah al-Nahr. It was reconquered in 1088 by Alfonso VI and granted with the surrounding lands to the archbishop of Toledo. The city contains the unique Gothic church of San Justo (built

Skåne

2005-02-11T21:32:00.000-08:00

Also called Scania län (county) and traditional landskap (province), southern Sweden. Skåne county was created in 1997 from the counties of Malmöhus and Kristianstad and is coextensive with Skåne province. Occupying the peninsular southern tip of Sweden, it is bounded by water on three sides—the Baltic Sea on the east and south, The Sound (Öresund) on the west, and the Kattegat (strait) on the northwest.

Conti, Louis-armand I De Bourbon, Prince De

2005-02-08T21:15:00.000-08:00

Eldest surviving son of Armand I de Bourbon, prince of Conti; he succeeded his father in 1666. His marriage (1680) to Marie-Anne de Bourbon (1666–1739), daughter of Louis XIV and Louise de La Vallière, was the first union between a prince of the blood and one of the King's bastards. He served with distinction in Flanders in 1683 and, against the wish of the king, went to

Culpeper's Rebellion

2005-02-07T04:40:00.000-08:00

(1677–79), early popular uprising against proprietary rule in the Albemarle section of northern Carolina, caused by the efforts of the proprietary government to enforce the British Navigation acts. These trade laws denied the colonists a free market outside England and placed heavy duties on commodities. The colonists' resentment found an object in the deputy governor,

Largo Caballero, Francisco

2005-02-04T10:30:00.000-08:00

Largo Caballero worked in Madrid as a plasterer before joining the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE) in 1894. He soon became an official in the party's

Theatre

2005-02-02T15:59:00.000-08:00

In November 1994, 87 playwrights, including Harold Pinter, Arnold Wesker, and Peter Shaffer, wrote a letter to the artistic directors of subsidized theatres demanding a quota system of new plays--two or three a year--on their main stages. The writers expressed the feeling that the nation's theatre was slipping into "irrelevance and decline" because of a lack of opportunity for

Aeschylus, Recommended editions

2005-01-31T11:48:00.000-08:00

Aeschylus, 2 vol. (1953–56, reissued 1967), contains English translations of all the plays and is part of The Complete Greek Tragedies series, ed. by Richmond Lattimore and David Grene. Recent editions of the trilogy are Oresteia, trans. by Hugh Lloyd-Jones, 3 vol. (1979, reissued in 1 vol., 1982); and The Oresteia, trans. by Robert Fagles (1975, reissued 1984).

Alaska, Agriculture

2005-01-27T19:55:00.000-08:00

Only a small sector of Alaska's economy is agricultural, but a viable in-state market is still under development. More than 3 million acres (1.2 million hectares) of tillable land are available for farming, but much clearing has yet to be done. Most acreage is near Anchorage and on the Kenai Peninsula, though there is some near Fairbanks, and stock ranching is practiced on Kodiak

Iliescu, Ion

2005-01-23T04:35:00.000-08:00

Iliescu received a degree in business from the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest and then studied engineering in Moscow. In 1953 he joined the Communist Party, and he held positions of increasing prestige during the following decade. A protégé of Nicolae Ceausescu, he benefited

Antelope

2005-01-21T10:29:00.000-08:00

Antelopes are even-toed, hoofed mammals that

Sazonov, Sergey Dmitriyevich

2005-01-19T07:33:00.000-08:00

Having entered the foreign ministry in 1883, Sazonov, whose brother-in-law Pyotr Stolypin was Russia's prime minister from 1906 to 1911, obtained posts in the Russian embassies in London,

Quartet

2005-01-17T23:00:00.000-08:00

Musical composition for four instruments or voices; also the group of four performers. Although any music in four parts can be performed by four individuals, the term has come to be used primarily in referring to the string quartet (two violins, viola, and cello), which has been the predominant genre of chamber music since about 1750. The term may also denote such derivatives

Ciller, Tansu

2005-01-15T23:34:00.000-08:00

Ciller was born to an affluent family in Istanbul. Graduating from the University of Bosporus with a degree in economics, she continued her studies in the United States, where she earned graduate degrees from the Universities of

Alcaeus

2005-01-13T10:28:00.000-08:00

Only fragments and quotations from Alcaeus' work survive, but they are enough to show the extent

Abaca

2005-01-11T21:24:00.000-08:00

The plant, native to the Philippines

Stair-step Moss

2005-01-09T00:36:00.000-08:00

(Hylocomium splendens), plant of the order Bryales that covers areas of coniferous forest floor of the Northern Hemisphere and also occurs on dunes, ledges, and tundra. The fernlike shoots have many branches and reddish, glossy caulids (stems) with phyllids (leaves) up to 3 mm (0.12 inch) long. The capsules (spore cases) of the female plant are borne on setae (stalks) about 2 cm (0.8 inch)

Alaska, The economy

2005-01-07T20:47:00.000-08:00

The Alaskan economy is conditioned strongly by the state's frontier stage of development, but its formerly inadequate tax base for state and municipal growth ended with the development of the North Slope oil fields. High costs of labour and transportation and complicated environmental and land-use constraints still tend to discourage outside investment. Nonetheless,

Nur Al-din

2005-01-04T13:28:00.000-08:00

Nur al-Din succeeded his father as the atabeg (ruler) of Halab in 1146, owing nominal allegiance to the 'Abbasid caliph of Baghdad. Before his rule, a major reason for the success of the Crusaders was the disunity of the Muslim rulers of the region, who

Mobile

2005-01-02T15:55:00.000-08:00

Abstract sculpture that has moving parts, driven either by motors or the natural force of wind. The word mobile was initially suggested by Marcel Duchamp for a 1932 Paris exhibition of such works by the American artist Alexander Calder. One of Calder's first mobiles consisted of coloured spheres motorized to move up and down curving wires at different speeds. Later, he

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Allegory and cosmology

2004-12-31T19:13:00.000-08:00

The allegorical mode has been of major importance in representing the cosmos: the earliest Greek philosophers, for example, speculated on the nature of the universe in allegorical terms; in the Old Testament's oblique interpretation of the universe, too, the world is seen as a symbolic system. The symbolic stories that explain the cosmos are ritualized to ensure

Biblical Literature, Intertestamental literature

2004-12-29T04:35:00.000-08:00

Standard translations of the Jewish intertestamental literature are Robert H. Charles (ed.), The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English (1913); and Emil Kautzsch (ed.), Die Apocryphen und Pseudepigraphen des Alten Testaments (1900). Paul Riessler, Altjüdisches Schrifttum ausserhalb der Bibel (1928), is indispensable because it contains translations of the fullest number of writings. The best translations of the Dead Sea Scrolls are Geza Vermes, The Dead Sea Scrolls in English (1962); Johann Maier, Die Texte vom Toten Meer (1960); and Andre Dupont-Sommer, Les Écrits esséniens découverts près de la Mer Morte, 3rd ed. (1964). Albert-Marie Denis, Introduction aux Pseudépigraphes grecs d'Ancien Testament (1970), does not treat the Apocrypha and is important mainly for its bibliography. Basic books dealing with intertestamental literature are R.H. Pfeiffer, History of New Testament Times, with an Introduction to the Apocrypha (1949); Emil Schurer, Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, 3rd–4th ed., 3 vol. (1898–1901; Eng. trans., A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ, 2nd and rev. ed., 5 vol., 1885–91); and Robert H. Charles, Religious Development Between the Old and the New Testaments (1914). Still interesting is Robert Travers Herford, Talmud and Apocrypha (1933, reprinted 1971). Information about the library of the Dead Sea Scrolls is in two books: Jozef T. Milik, Dix Ans de découvertes dans le désert de Juda (1957; Eng. trans., Ten Years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea, 1959); and Frank Moore Cross, The Ancient Library of Qumrân and Modern Biblical Studies, 2nd ed. (1961). A fragment of Ben Sira from antiquity was published by Yigael Yadin, The Ben Sira Scroll from Masada, with Introduction, Emendations and Commentary (1965). The best book about Jewish eschatology is Paul Volz, Die Eschatologie der jüdischen Gemeinde im neutestamentlichen Zeitalter (1934). On Apocalyptic and Messianism, see Harold H. Rowley, The Relevance of Apocalyptic, 3rd ed. (1963); David S. Russell, The Method and Message of Jewish Apocalyptic, 200 BC–AD 100 (1964); Sigmund Mowinckel, Han som kommer (1951; Eng. trans., He That Cometh, 1954); Erik Sjoberg, Der Menschensohn im äthiopischen Henochbuch (1946); and A.S. Van Der Woude, Die messianischen Vorstellungen der Gemeinde von Qumrân (1957).

Lbk Culture

2004-12-27T08:46:00.000-08:00

Formerly Danubian Culture, Neolithic culture that expanded over large areas of Europe north and west of the Danube River (from Slovakia to the Netherlands) about the 5th millennium BC. Farmers probably practiced a form of shifting cultivation on the loess soil. Emmer wheat and barley were grown, and domestic animals, usually cattle, were kept. The name LBK derives from an abbreviation of the German

Meléndez Valdés, Juan

2004-12-25T09:57:00.000-08:00

After studying law and classics at Salamanca, Meléndez Valdés was appointed

Gümüspala, Ragip

2004-12-23T21:52:00.000-08:00

A career army officer, Gümüspala served as the chief of the General Staff after the military coup of May 27, 1960, but was forcibly retired by the new government shortly thereafter. In February 1961 Gümüspala formed the JP in opposition to the ruling Republican People's Party (RPP). The JP, in actuality, proved

National Aquarium

2004-12-20T23:44:00.000-08:00

The facility houses more than 1,000 specimens of nearly 200 species of fishes in 54 individual display tanks ranging in capacity from 285 to

Checkerwork

2004-12-19T05:16:00.000-08:00

In architecture, masonry built of two materials, usually stone and flint or stone and brick, so arranged as to make a checkerboard pattern and to give variety in texture and colour. Stone and flint checkerwork is common in the parish churches and smaller houses of East Anglia, England; and both combinations were much used after the Reformation, when the suppressed

Spoonbill

2004-12-16T17:42:00.000-08:00

Also called Spoonbill Cat, primitive North American fish, a species of paddlefish (q.v.).

Augustana College

2004-12-14T01:44:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational liberal arts college located in Rock Island, Ill., U.S. The college is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Augustana offers only Bachelor of Arts degrees and has a curriculum of education, business, and the liberal arts and sciences. It operates study-abroad programs in Latin America, Asia, Israel, and Europe. The campus

Volkswagen Ag

2004-12-12T08:35:00.000-08:00

The company was originally operated by the German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront), a Nazi organization; and Ferdinand Porsche was brought in to design the car. Production was interrupted by World War II, and by the

Valdemar Iv Atterdag

2004-12-11T04:00:00.000-08:00

A son of King Christopher II, Valdemar lived after 1328 at the court of Louis IV the Bavarian, Holy

Jacksonville

2004-12-08T15:10:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1755) of Onslow county, southeastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies along the New River at the head of its estuary, about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Wilmington. Originally settled as Wantland's Ferry (c. 1757), its name was changed to Onslow Courthouse and then Jacksonville in 1842 to honour President Andrew Jackson. It remained a small hunting and fishing resort until 1941, when the establishment

Pyridine

2004-12-06T07:49:00.000-08:00

Pyridine is used as a solvent and is added to ethyl alcohol to make it unfit for drinking. It

Mercy D'argenteau, Florimund, Graf (count)

2004-12-05T07:10:00.000-08:00

Entering the diplomatic service in 1751, Mercy served at the Sardinian court, as ambassador to Russia, and, from 1766, as ambassador in Paris. An adviser

Gainza Paz, Alberto

2004-12-03T05:56:00.000-08:00

Gainza Paz received a law degree from the National University at Buenos Aires in 1921 and joined the staff of La Prensa under the direction of his uncle, Ezequiel P. Paz, whom he succeeded

Italian Popular Party

2004-11-30T03:21:00.000-08:00

In January 1919 a Sicilian priest, Luigi Sturzo, founded the original Italian Popular Party.

Pachmann, Vladimir Von

2004-11-29T15:07:00.000-08:00

Also called Vladimir de Pachman Russian pianist known for his performances of the music of Frédéric Chopin. Pachmann studied in Vienna and made his debut in 1869 in Odessa. Though his early concerts were successful, he was extremely self-critical and withdrew for long periods of study. He later toured widely in Europe and the United States. Pachmann's

Sato Haruo

2004-11-27T20:28:00.000-08:00

Sato came from a family of physicians with scholarly and literary interests. He entered Keio University in Tokyo to study with the novelist Nagai Kafu in 1910, but he had already joined the Myojo group of poets revolving

Suceava

2004-11-25T08:06:00.000-08:00

Judet (county), northeastern Romania, and bounded on the north by Ukraine. The Eastern Carpathian Mountains and the sub-Carpathians occupy the western two-thirds of the county, and the Suceava Plateau lies in the east. The Siret River flows southeastward, marking the county's eastern border, and the Suceava and Bistrita rivers also drain southeastward. Suceava (q.v.) city

Yun Shouping

2004-11-22T06:15:00.000-08:00

Yun had an adventure-filled early life. Following the collapse

Morón

2004-11-20T02:38:00.000-08:00

In the 16th century Morón served as a way station for travelers en route to the area that is now Chile and Peru. The present-day county was part of the Pago (country district) de las Conchas during the 17th and early 18th centuries.

Middleton, Thomas

2004-11-16T14:29:00.000-08:00

A popular playwright,

Anastasius Iii

2004-11-15T22:53:00.000-08:00

Pope from April or June 911 to 913. Because his pontificate came during a period when Rome was under the control of the house of Theophylactus, he had little authority or freedom of action.

Indonesian Languages

2004-11-12T15:23:00.000-08:00

Broadly, the Austronesian languages of island Southeast Asia as a whole, including the languages of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Taiwan, and the outlying areas of Madagascar and of Palau and the Mariana Islands of western Micronesia. A more restricted core area includes only the languages of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. The term has been used

Gaius

2004-11-11T18:13:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Caius Roman jurist whose writings became authoritative in the late Roman Empire. The Law of Citations (426), issued by the eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II, named Gaius one of five jurists (the others were Papinian, Ulpian, Modestinus, and Paulus) whose doctrines were to be followed by judges in deciding cases. The Institutiones (“Institutes”) of the Byzantine emperor Justinian

Togo

2004-11-08T22:05:00.000-08:00

The political crisis arising out of Pres. Gnassingbé Eyadéma's disputed victory in the 1998 presidential elections deepened during 1999. Major opposition parties and their supporters boycotted the parliamentary elections on March 21. As a result, 79 of the 81 seats went to the ruling Rally of the Togolese People, with many candidates running unopposed. On May 21 Eyadema chose Eugene

Danelaw

2004-11-06T05:13:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Danelagh, or Danelaga, the northern, central, and eastern region of Anglo-Saxon England colonized by invading Danish armies in the late 9th century. In the 11th and 12th centuries, it was recognized that all of eastern England between the Rivers Tees and Thames formed a region in which a distinctive form of customary law prevailed in the local courts, differing from West Saxon law to the south

Danelaw

2004-11-05T06:20:00.000-08:00

Nationwide association of labour unions in Canada, comprising both wholly Canadian “national” unions and “international” unions that are Canadian branches of unions based in the United States. The CLC was formed in 1956 through the merger of the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada and the Canadian Congress of Labour. At the onset of the 21st century, a majority of the four

Cole, Thomas

2004-11-02T02:40:00.000-08:00

Cole's family immigrated first to Philadelphia and then settled in Steubenville, Ohio. He was trained by an itinerant portrait painter named Stein and then spent two years at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In 1825 some of Cole's

Ear Disease, Keloid of the ear

2004-10-31T08:54:00.000-08:00

In dark-skinned people, overgrowth of scar tissue from any skin incision or injury can cause a thickened elevation on the scar called a keloid. Having the earlobes pierced for earrings sometimes results in a large, painless nodular keloid enlargement of the earlobe, harmless but unsightly. Keloids are removed surgically (see also skin disease).

Pole Of Inaccessibility

2004-10-30T03:17:00.000-07:00

The term is also used occasionally

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)

2004-10-27T23:31:00.000-07:00

Although the Axis Powers failed in their global strategy, they crippled European colonial rule in Asia.

Germanic Peoples

2004-10-26T01:50:00.000-07:00

No trace of autocracy can be found among the Germans whom Caesar describes. The leading men of the pagi (kindred groups) would try to patch up disputes as they arose, but they acted only in those disputes that broke out between members of their own pagus. There appears to have been no mediatory body at this date. In fact, in peacetime there appears to have been no central

Wolcott, Roger

2004-10-24T21:57:00.000-07:00

After service as a clothier's apprentice, Wolcott became a successful tradesman. In 1707 he became a selectman for the town of Windsor. He was admitted to the bar in 1709 and was that year elected to the lower house of Connecticut's legislature. Wolcott

Adams, Henry (brooks)

2004-10-21T14:04:00.000-07:00

Adams was the product of Boston's Brahmin class, a cultured elite that traced its lineage to Puritan New England. He was the great-grandson of John Adams and the grandson of John Quincy Adams, both presidents

Adams, Henry (brooks)

2004-10-20T19:55:00.000-07:00

Zokors are medium-sized rodents weighing from 150 to 560 grams

Lipoprotein

2004-10-17T13:43:00.000-07:00

Cholesterol

Hertfordshire

2004-10-16T00:12:00.000-07:00

Administrative and historic county of southern England, adjoining Greater London to the south. The administrative county and the historic county cover slightly different areas. The administrative county comprises 10 districts: East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire, Three Rivers, and Welwyn Hatfield; the boroughs of Broxbourne, Dacorum, Hertsmere, Stevenage

Sambation

2004-10-14T16:34:00.000-07:00

So firm was belief in the existence of the river that the ancient Jewish historian Flavius

Angus

2004-10-11T17:32:00.000-07:00

Formerly Forfarshire council area and historic county in eastern Scotland, bounded on the east by the North Sea and on the south by the Firth of Tay. The council area lies entirely within the historic county of Angus, which also includes the city of Dundee and a small area south of Coupar Angus in the Perth and Kinross council area. The chief city of the county is Dundee, which constitutes a

Dagobert Ii

2004-10-10T16:20:00.000-07:00

The son of Sigebert III, Dagobert was packed off to an Irish monastery following the death of his father in 656, and the Austrasian throne was taken by Childebert the Adopted, son of Grimoald, the Austrasian mayor of the palace. After the downfall of Grimoald and Childebert,

Radiation

2004-10-07T05:41:00.000-07:00

Flow of atomic and subatomic particles and of waves, such as those that characterize heat rays, light rays, and X rays. All matter is constantly bombarded with radiation of both types from cosmic and terrestrial sources. This article delineates the properties and behaviour of radiation and the matter with which it interacts and describes how energy is transferred

Abu Bakr

2004-10-05T08:47:00.000-07:00

Of a minor clan of the ruling merchant tribe of Quraysh at Mecca, Abu Bakr purportedly was the first male convert to Islam, but this view is doubted by a majority of Muslim historians. Abu Bakr's prominence

Lukas, J(ay) Anthony

2004-10-04T17:22:00.000-07:00

American journalist and author (b. April 25, 1933, New York, N.Y.--d. June 5, 1997, New York), wrote meticulous examinations of the societal and racial fissures in the U.S. He was known and highly regarded for his tenacity, perfectionism, and painstaking research and won a number of the country's top literature and journalism awards, including two Pulitzer Prizes. Lukas was educated at Harvard

Lanchester, Frederick William

2004-10-02T10:40:00.000-07:00

In 1891, after attending Hartley University College (now the University of Southampton) and the National School of Science, Lanchester went to work for a gas-engine works in Birmingham. During his employment at the firm he improved its products

China, The Ch'ing Empire

2004-09-27T15:43:00.000-07:00

After 1683 the Ch'ing rulers turned their attention to consolidating control over their frontiers. Taiwan became part of the empire, and military expeditions against perceived threats in north and west Asia created the largest empire China has ever known. From the late 17th to the early 18th century Ch'ing armies destroyed the Oyrat Empire based in Dzungaria and incorporated

Earth, Characteristics of the Earth's magnetic field

2004-09-25T19:25:00.000-07:00

To a first approximation the magnetic field observed at the surface of the Earth is like that of a magnet aligned with the planet's rotation axis. Figure 6 shows such a field for a bar magnet located at the centre of a sphere. If the sphere is taken to be the Earth with the north geographic pole at the top of the diagram, the magnet must be oriented with its north magnetic pole

Mammal, Social behavior

2004-09-24T17:42:00.000-07:00

The dependence of the young mammal on its mother for nourishment has made possible a period of training. Such training permits the nongenetic transfer of information between generations. The ability of young mammals to learn from the experience of their elders has allowed a behavioral plasticity unknown in any other group of organisms and has been a primary

Staffordshire Ware

2004-09-22T21:17:00.000-07:00

Lead-glazed earthenware and unglazed or salt-glazed stoneware made in Staffordshire, England, from the 17th century onward. Abundance of local clays and coal gave rise to a concentration of pottery factories that made Staffordshire one of the foremost pottery centres in Europe. Porcelain was first made at Longton Hall c. 1750. Among the distinguished factories located

Busnois, Antoine

2004-09-20T11:22:00.000-07:00

Busnois entered the service of Charles the Bold (later duke of Burgundy) as a singer sometime before 1467. He traveled with Charles on his various campaigns, and after Charles's death in 1477, he remained a

O'grady, Standish James

2004-09-16T15:28:00.000-07:00

O'Grady graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1868. Introduced to the ancient heroic and romantic literature

Houston, Edwin James

2004-09-13T21:25:00.000-07:00

A Philadelphia high school teacher, Houston collaborated with Elihu Thomson in experimenting on induction coils, dynamos, wireless transmission, and the design of an arc lighting system (patented in 1881) that was widely successful

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Allegory

2004-09-11T22:45:00.000-07:00

Allegory, as the basic process of arousing in the reader or listener a response to levels of meaning, provides writers with the structure of fables, parables, and other related forms. By awakening the impulse to question appearances and by bringing order to mythological interpretation, allegory imparts cultural values. A measure of allegory is present in literature

Abdülmecid Ii

2004-09-10T07:11:00.000-07:00

Following Ottoman custom, Abdülmecid was confined to the palace until he was 40, during which time his father, Abdülaziz, and three of his cousins reigned. When his fourth cousin took the throne as Mehmed VI in 1918, Abdülmecid became crown prince.

Afghanistan

2004-09-07T03:57:00.000-07:00

Landlocked, multiethnic country located in the heart of south-central Asia. Lying along important trade routes connecting southern and eastern Asia to Europe and the Middle East, Afghanistan has long been a prize sought by empire builders, and for millennia great armies have attempted to subdue it, leaving traces of their efforts in great monuments now fallen

Ghazan, Mahmud

2004-09-05T23:46:00.000-07:00

Most prominent of the Il-Khans (subordinate khans) to rule the Mongol dynasty in Iran. Reigning from 1295 to 1304, he is best known for the conversion of his state to Islam and his wars against Egypt.

Nathdwara

2004-09-04T23:51:00.000-07:00

Town, southern Rajasthan state, northwestern India, just south of the Banas River. Connected by road with Udaipur and close to the Malvi rail junction, Nathdwara is a place of Hindu pilgrimage; it contains a 17th-century Vaishnavite shrine that is one of the most famous in India. Within the temple is a celebrated image of the god Krishna, popularly said to date to the 12th century

Byron, George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron

2004-09-01T16:54:00.000-07:00

Byname Lord Byron English Romantic poet and satirist whose poetry and personality captured the imagination of Europe. Renowned as the “gloomy egoist” of his autobiographical poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–18) in the 19th century, he is now more generally esteemed for the satiric realism of Don Juan (1819–24).

Gabon, History Of

2004-08-30T05:10:00.000-07:00

Little is known about the history of the Gabon region prior to the arrival of the first Portuguese navigators in the Gabon Estuary in 1472, for the Bantu-speaking peoples inhabiting the region lacked writing. At that time portions of southern Gabon were loosely linked to the state of Loango, which in turn formed a province of the vast Kongo kingdom. From the offshore islands

Qatar

2004-08-29T03:20:00.000-07:00

Officially State of Qatar , Arabic Dawlat Qatar independent emirate on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. It occupies a small desert peninsula that extends from the larger Arabian Peninsula north of eastern Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. It has an area of 4,416 square miles (11,437 square km), the total including a number of nearby small islands and the Hawar Islands (which are also claimed by Bahrain) in the Persian

Bell Island

2004-08-27T14:39:00.000-07:00

Island in southeastern Newfoundland, Canada; it lies in Conception Bay 3 mi (5 km) off the Avalon Peninsula. Bell Island is 6 mi long and 3 mi wide, and has an area of 11 sq mi (28 sq km). Named after a large bell-shaped rock off its west end, it was one of the world's major iron-ore producers from 1895 to 1966. Fishing and subsistence agriculture are now the main economic activities on the densely populated

Hebrew Literature, Formative influences

2004-08-25T03:50:00.000-07:00

The first formative influences on 20th-century Hebrew literature belong to the late 19th century. The middle classes of eastern European Jewry that read Hebrew books turned to Jewish nationalism, and Zionist activity, coupled with the movement for speaking Hebrew, widened the circle of Hebrew readers. Hebrew daily papers began to appear in 1886. Writers borrowed extensively

Alekhine, Alexander

2004-08-23T21:05:00.000-07:00

Alekhine was a precocious chess player, becoming a master at age 16 and a grandmaster at age 22. He was playing in a tournament in Mannheim, Germany, when World War I broke out; after

Catecholamine

2004-08-20T10:08:00.000-07:00

All catecholamines begin

CheapBasket

Ecorse

Aversion Therapy

Jewel Cave National Monument

Cineas

Alabama Claims

Dispensation

Biblical Literature, Allegorical interpretation

Orléans, Ferdinand-louis-philippe-charles-henri, Duc D' (duke Of)

Kadamba Family

Bahadur Shah I

Calarasi

Andrada E Silva, José Bonifácio De

Austin, Mary

U2

Akershus

Oglethorpe, James Edward

Lag Ba-'omer

Alcalá De Henares

Skåne

Conti, Louis-armand I De Bourbon, Prince De

Culpeper's Rebellion

Largo Caballero, Francisco

Theatre

Aeschylus, Recommended editions

Alaska, Agriculture

Iliescu, Ion

Antelope

Sazonov, Sergey Dmitriyevich

Quartet

Ciller, Tansu

Alcaeus

Abaca

Stair-step Moss

Alaska, The economy

Nur Al-din

Mobile

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Allegory and cosmology

Biblical Literature, Intertestamental literature

Lbk Culture

Meléndez Valdés, Juan

Gümüspala, Ragip

National Aquarium

Checkerwork

Spoonbill

Augustana College

Volkswagen Ag

Valdemar Iv Atterdag

Jacksonville

Pyridine

Mercy D'argenteau, Florimund, Graf (count)

Gainza Paz, Alberto

Italian Popular Party

Pachmann, Vladimir Von

Sato Haruo

Suceava

Yun Shouping

Morón

Middleton, Thomas

Anastasius Iii

Indonesian Languages

Gaius

Togo

Danelaw

Danelaw

Cole, Thomas

Ear Disease, Keloid of the ear

Pole Of Inaccessibility

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)

Germanic Peoples

Wolcott, Roger

Adams, Henry (brooks)

Adams, Henry (brooks)

Lipoprotein

Hertfordshire

Sambation

Angus

Dagobert Ii

Radiation

Abu Bakr

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)